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Harap Alb
"Harap Alb" or "Harap-Alb" ((:haˈrap ˈalb)), known in full as ''Povestea lui Harap Alb'' ("The Story of Harap Alb"), is a Romanian-language fairy tale. Based on traditional themes found in Romanian folklore, it was recorded and reworked in 1877 by writer Ion Creangă, becoming one of his main contributions to fantasy and Romanian literature. The narrative centers on an eponymous prince traveling into a faraway land whose throne he has inherited, showing him being made into a slave by the treacherous Bald Man and eventually redeeming himself through acts of bravery. The plot introduces intricate symbolism, notably illustrated by the secondary characters. Among these are the helpful and sage old woman Holy Sunday, the tyrannical Red Emperor, and a band of five monstrous characters who provide the prince with serendipitous assistance.
An influential work, "Harap Alb" received much attention from Creangă's critical posterity, and became the inspiration for contributions in several fields. These include Ion Popescu-Gopo's film ''De-aş fi Harap Alb'', a Postmodernist novel by Stelian Ţurlea and a comic book by Sandu Florea, alongside one of Gabriel Liiceanu's theses in the field of political philosophy.
==Name==
The title of the work and name of the protagonist originate with the antiquated Romanian word ''harap'', which, like its more common version ''arap'', originates with the "Arab" and covers the sense of "Black person" (or "Moor"), and ''alb'', meaning "white". The notion of ''Harap Alb'' has therefore often been translated as "White Moor"〔Moner, p.81〕〔''Library of Congress Subject Headings'', Vol. II:D-J, Library of Congress, Cataloging Distribution Service, Washington, D. C., 1996, p.2328. ISSN 1048-9711〕〔Simona Brânzaru, ("Thoughts about a Possible History of Gaster's Presence in Romanian Literature" ), in the Romanian Cultural Institute's ''(Plural Magazine )'', Nr. 23/2004〕〔Viorel Cosma, ("From the Musical Folklore of Children to the Comic Opera for Children" ), in the Romanian Cultural Institute's ''(Plural Magazine )'', Nr. 30/2007〕〔Ruth S. Lamb, "Romanian Drama", in Stanley Hochman (ed.), ''The McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama. Vol. 4: O-S'', McGraw-Hill, New York, 1984, p.248. ISBN 0-07-079169-4〕〔Cornel Todea, ("Ion Creangă Theater" ), in the Romanian Cultural Institute's ''(Plural Magazine )'', Nr. 30/2007〕 or "White Arab".〔 Both ''arap'' and ''harap'' are akin to a narrative theme present throughout the Balkans, from Turkey in the south to modern Romania in the north.〔Robert Elsie, ''A Dictionary of Albanian Religion, Mythology and Folk Culture'', C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, London, 2001, p.12. ISBN 1-85065-570-7〕 Similar words exist in Albanian (''arap'' in the Tosk, ''harap'' in Gheg), and define a character in Albanian folklore: a Black man often, but not always, portrayed in a negative light.〔 The character, also bearing negative connotations, can be found in Bulgarian folklore as well; the Bulgarian-language name is арап (''arap'') or арапин (''arapin'').〔 Todor Mollov, (''Български фолклорни мотиви. Т. VІI. Възрожденски и съвременни песни'' ), ЕИ "LiterNet", Varna, 2006–2009. ISBN 978-954-304-225-8〕
The use of ''harap'' in this case primarily refers to the protagonist's slave condition, in distant relation to the African slave trade (''see Slavery in Romania''). According to Romanian literary historian George Bădărău, it suggests the hero's state of "degradation and submission", leaving the story itself to outline his recovery of a "human status."〔Bădărău, p.71〕 Contrarily, comparatist Vasile Măruţă underlines the implicit meaning of ''harap'' as "black", which leads him to translate the title as "White Black", and to propose that it stands as proof of an absurdist tradition in local folklore.〔Vasile Măruţă, "Arp et Tzara. A «la recherche d'un niveau – la différence»", in ''Cahiers du Centre de Recherche sur le Surréalisme. Mélusine IX. Arp poète plasticien'', L'Age d'Homme, Paris, 1987, p.92〕
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